Usually the base that is bolted into a big concrete pad provides the essential support for a tower crane. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Usually, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
Usually, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit is made of a gear and a motor that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. In addition, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make sure that the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially due to their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction site by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. These sections are then attached to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial machines that is usually used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the operator of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.